De Ayllón and many of the colonists died shortly afterward of an epidemic and the colony was abandoned. The ill-fated colony was almost immediately disrupted by a fight over leadership, during which the slaves revolted and fled the colony to seek refuge among local Native Americans. The first African slaves arrived via Santo Domingo to the San Miguel de Gualdape colony (most likely located in the Winyah Bay area of present-day South Carolina), founded by Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón in 1526. The vast majority of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were people from Central and West Africa, who had been captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids, or sold by other West Africans, or by half-European "merchant princes" to European slave traders, who brought them to the Americas. Main articles: Slavery in the colonial United States and Atlantic slave trade 2.2.1 Historically Black colleges and universities.1.4 Great migration and civil rights movement.1.2 From the American Revolution to the Civil War.In 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. These circumstances changed due to participation in the military conflicts of the United States, substantial migration out of the South, the elimination of legal racial segregation, and the civil rights movement which sought political and social freedom. During Reconstruction, they gained citizenship and the right to vote, but due to White supremacy, they were largely treated as second-class citizens and found themselves soon disenfranchised in the South. A few were able to achieve freedom through manumission or escape and founded independent communities before and during the American Revolution.Īfter the United States was founded in 1783, most Black people continued to be enslaved, being most concentrated in the American South, with four million enslaved only liberated during and at the end of the Civil War in 1865. After arriving in the Americas, they were sold as slaves to European colonists and put to work on plantations, particularly in the southern colonies. Īfrican-American history began in the 16th century, with Africans from West Africa being sold to European slave traders and transported across the Atlantic to the Thirteen Colonies. Immigrants from some Caribbean, Central American, and South American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities (~95%). Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American. On average, African Americans are of West/ Central African with some European descent, and some also have Native American and other ancestry.
Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. Īfrican Americans constitute the second largest racial group in the US, after White Americans, and the third largest ethnic group after Hispanic and Latino Americans. While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African-American, the vast majority do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin. The term African American generally denotes descendants of enslaved Africans who are from the United States. African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and formerly, Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa.
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